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Integrating sphere
Integrating sphere is a hollow sphere whose inner wall is coated with white diffuse reflective material, also known as photometric sphere, luminous flux sphere, etc. One or several window holes are opened on the ball wall as light inlet holes and receiving holes for placing light receiving devices. The inner wall of the integrating sphere should be a good sphere, and its deviation from the ideal sphere should not be greater than 0.2% of the inner diameter. The inner wall of the ball is coated with ideal diffuse reflection material, that is, the material with diffuse reflection coefficient close to 1. The commonly used material is magnesium oxide or barium sulfate. After it is evenly mixed with colloidal adhesive, it is sprayed on the inner wall. The spectral reflectance of magnesium oxide coating in the visible spectrum range is more than 99%. In this way, the light entering the integrating sphere is reflected many times through the inner wall coating to form a uniform illumination on the inner wall. In order to obtain high measurement accuracy, the opening ratio of integrating sphere should be as small as possible. The opening ratio is defined as the ratio of the ball area at the opening of the integrating ball to the inner wall area of the whole ball.